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Aluminium vs Polonium

Aluminium
Polonium
Polonium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Po   
Group Number
13   
5
16   
2
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1825   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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