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Aluminium vs Polonium

Aluminium
Polonium
Polonium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Po  
Group Number
13  
5
16  
2
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1825  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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