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Aluminium vs Praseodymium

Aluminium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Pr  
Group Number
13  
5
3  
15
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
-  
Discovery
In 1825  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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