Praseodymium vs Gallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr
Ga
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440100
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1885
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
- This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
27
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa
24
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s
40
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
99+
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87
12
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr
40
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
59
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
39
99+
Number of Electrons
59
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm
11
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm
14
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol
15
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)
99+
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm
29
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3
39
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa
39
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa
40
Not Available
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa
99+
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K
18
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K
99+
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol
29
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol
99+
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol
24
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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