Symbol
Al
  
Zn
  
Period Number
3
  
4
  
Block
p block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
  
Indian metallurgists
  
Discovery
In 1825
  
Before 1000 BCE
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Highly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
  
9
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
6
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
  
11
170.00 p.p.m.
  
6
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
  
10
3,850.00 m/s
  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Al
  
Zn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
  
19
1,733.30 kJ/mol
  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
  
38
3,833.00 kJ/mol
  
12
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
  
3
5,731.00 kJ/mol
  
11
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
  
2
7,970.00 kJ/mol
  
9
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
  
2
10,400.00 kJ/mol
  
9
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
  
2
12,900.00 kJ/mol
  
9
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
  
2
16,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
  
2
19,600.00 kJ/mol
  
8
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
  
4
23,000.00 kJ/mol
  
10
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
  
5
26,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
29,990.00 kJ/mol
  
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
40,490.00 kJ/mol
  
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
43,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
47,300.00 kJ/mol
  
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
52,300.00 kJ/mol
  
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
55,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
59,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
67,300.00 kJ/mol
  
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
171,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
179,100.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
  
17
38.90 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
  
99+
7.14 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
  
4
0.17 106/cm Ω
  
12
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
  
26
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
  
5
0.39 J/(kg K)
  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
  
39
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
  
4
116.00 W/m·K
  
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
  
17
30.20 µm/(m·K)
  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
  
31
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
  
35
7.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
  
31
129.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
  
36