Barium Gallium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Ga
Group Number
2
16
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
229.00
1
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1772
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
56.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
39
99+
Number of Electrons
56
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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