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Barium vs Gallium

Barium
Gallium
Gallium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Ga   
Group Number
2   
16
13   
5
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440553   
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Cmca   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
64.00   
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1875   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
31   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
31   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
187.00 pm   
32
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
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