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Barium Polonium Comparison

Barium
Polonium
Polonium Barium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Po   
Group Number
2   
16
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
Not Available   
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