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Barium vs Scandium

Barium
Scandium
Scandium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Sc   
Group Number
2   
16
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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