Symbol
Ba
Y
Group Number
23
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
65
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74403937440655
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1772
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
725.00 °C1,523.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C3,337.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.254.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
130.00 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.471.90
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %83.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ba
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3719
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.891.22
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.680.65
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.881.22
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.881.12
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.112.78
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol7,430.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol8,970.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,020.00 kJ/mol11,190.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol12,450.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol14,110.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol18,400.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol19,900.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol36,090.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol60,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
50,270.00 kJ/mol60,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV3.10 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
5639
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
5639
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
8150
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
5639
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm180.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm190.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm364.74 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)4.27 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa25.60 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa41.20 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa63.50 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.220.24
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.624.47
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,000.00 K1,799.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻