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Beryllium Chromium Comparison

Beryllium
Chromium
Chromium Beryllium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Cr  
Group Number
2  
16
6  
12
Period Number
2  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1797  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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