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Beryllium vs Chromium

Beryllium
Chromium
Chromium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Cr   
Group Number
2   
16
6   
12
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1797   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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