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Chromium vs Beryllium

Chromium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Be  
Group Number
6  
12
2  
16
Period Number
4  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
White Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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