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Beryllium vs Beryllium


Beryllium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Be   
Be   

Group Number
2   
16
2   
16

Period Number
2   
2   

Block
s block   
s block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440417   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   

Discovery
In 1797   
In 1797   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
1 * 10-7 %   
23

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.00000001 %   
29

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
19

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.00 p.p.m.   
32

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,278.00 °C   
36

Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,970.00 °C   
32

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
White Gray   
White Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
590.00 MPa   
21

Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
1,670.00 MPa   
4

Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
12,890.00 m/s   
2

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Be   
Be   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
9   
29
9   
29

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.57   
24

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.81   
12

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.47   
14

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.54   
12

Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.58   
23

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.43   
30

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
899.50 kJ/mol   
7

2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23

3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2

4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.98 eV   
6

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
4   
99+
4   
99+

Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[He] 2s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
4   
99+
4   
99+

Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
5   
99+

Number of Electrons
4   
99+
4   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
112.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
96.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
99+

Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
9.01 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Lithium
  
Lithium
  

Next Element
Sodium
  
Sodium
  

Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
82.00 (-eV)   
15

Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
228.58 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
1.57   
18

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
1.85 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
1.69 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
19

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
132.00 GPa   
7

Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
130.00 GPa   
13

Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
287.00 GPa   
7

Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.03   
35

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
1.85   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2

Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
200.00 W/m·K   
6

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
294.70 kJ/mol   
30

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
11.72 kJ/mol   
30

Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
326.40 kJ/mol   
30

Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+

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