Beryllium vs Rhodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Rh
Group Number
2
16
9
9
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1797
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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