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Rhodium vs Strontium

Rhodium
Strontium
Strontium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Sr  
Group Number
9  
9
2  
16
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440246  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
William Cruickshank  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1787  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.04 %  
10
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
4
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
769.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
1,384.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
110.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
15.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
4,170.00 m/s  
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.43  
39
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Sr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.95  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
0.72  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
0.99  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
0.96  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
3.05  
7
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
2.59 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
38  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Kr] 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
38  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
38  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
195.00 pm  
15
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
249.00 pm  
11
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
87.62 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Rubidium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Yttrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
608.49 pm  
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
6.03 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
15.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
2.64  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
35
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
35.40 W/m·K  
38
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,050.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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