Rhodium vs Strontium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh
Sr
Group Number
9
9
2
16
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440166
99+
7440246
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
William Cruickshank
Discovery
In 1804
In 1787
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
4 * 10-6 %
14
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000005 %
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.04 %
10
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
4
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
In Bone
Not Available
140.00 p.p.m.
7
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C
12
769.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C
17
1,384.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh
Sr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
0.95
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.72
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
0.99
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.00
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.56
24
0.96
40
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
3.05
7
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol
29
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
7th Energy level
Not Available
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
8th Energy Level
Not Available
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
9th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
10th Energy Level
Not Available
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
11th Energy Level
Not Available
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
2.59 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45
99+
38
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Kr] 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
45
99+
38
99+
Number of Neutrons
58
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
45
99+
38
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
215.00 pm
5
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
195.00 pm
15
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
249.00 pm
7
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu
99+
87.62 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
33.70 cm3/mol
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
25.70 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm
27
608.49 pm
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3
28
2.64 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3
14
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa
5
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
121.00 (Pa)
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa
6
6.03 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa
5
Not Available
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa
5
15.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.41
20
2.64
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
132.00 nΩ·m
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol
7
5.03 kJ/mol
38
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K
9
35.40 W/m·K
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol
12
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol
10
9.16 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol
12
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
55.00 J/mol.K
26
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