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Strontium vs Rhodium


Rhodium vs Strontium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sr   
Rh   

Group Number
2   
16
9   
9

Period Number
5   
5   

Block
s block   
d block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440166   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
William Hyde Wollaston   

Discovery
In 1787   
In 1804   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
Not Available   

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
Not Available   

In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12

Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sr   
Rh   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
27   
12
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
2.28   
3

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.45   
16

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
1.56   
24

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
1.72   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29

2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26

3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27

4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   

7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
4.98 eV   
6

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
38   
99+
45   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
38   
99+
45   
99+

Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
58   
99+

Number of Electrons
38   
99+
45   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Ruthenium
  

Next Element
Yttrium
  
Palladium
  

Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
380.34 pm   
27

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
10.70 g/cm3   
14

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
150.00 GPa   
6

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
275.00 GPa   
5

Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
380.00 GPa   
5

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.26   
22

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
12.41   
20

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   

Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8

Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
109.70 kJ/mol   
7

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22

Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
150.00 W/m·K   
9

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
495.40 kJ/mol   
12

Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
21.76 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
556.50 kJ/mol   
12

Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+

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