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Strontium vs Rhodium

Strontium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Rh  
Group Number
2  
16
9  
9
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s  
23
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.43  
39
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
99+
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
38
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
99+
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
38  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
11
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
35
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
38
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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