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Rhodium vs Francium

Rhodium
Francium
Francium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Fr  
Group Number
9  
9
1  
17
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440735  
18
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Marguerite Perey  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1939  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
27.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
677.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
0.20  
27
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
119.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
300.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.70  
27
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Fr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.70  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
0.70  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.68  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
0.67  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
3.30  
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.07 eV  
33
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
87  
31
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Rn] 7s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
87  
31
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
136  
18
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
87  
31
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
348.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
260.00 pm  
1
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
348.00 pm  
1
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
223.00 amu  
27
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Polonium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Radium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
440.00 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
3.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
6.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
0.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
300.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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