Beryllium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Zn
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
2
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1797
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
327.00 MPa
32
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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