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Beryllium Zinc Comparison

Beryllium
Zinc
Zinc Beryllium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Zn   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1797   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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