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Bismuth vs Rhodium

Bismuth
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Rh  
Group Number
15  
3
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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