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Cd Element
Cadmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd
Group Number
12 6
Period Number
5 3
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440439 42
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 46
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3 24
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m. 16
Physical
Melting Point
320.90 °C 68
Boiling Point
765.00 °C 75
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.00 17
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa 49
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa 64
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s 56
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.71 26
Reflectivity
67.00 % 16
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34 5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69 18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98 11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46 16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53 25
Allen Electronegativity
1.52 30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31 37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol 11
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol 33
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol 13
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol 82
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol 83
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol 28
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol 24
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol 24
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol 22
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol 25
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol 22
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol 3
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol 17
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol 15
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol 10
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol 10
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 28
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol 17
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol 26
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol 16
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol 10
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol 14
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 40
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 10
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol 8
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 8
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 8
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 11
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol 12
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol 8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr 31
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV 29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
48 64
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
48 63
Number of Neutrons
64 47
Number of Electrons
48 63
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm 34
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm 42
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm 48
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu 58
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol 57
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
5
Next Element
43
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV) 54
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm 67
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89 2
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3 52
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3 55
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa 34
Viscosity
0.00 13
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 24
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa 45
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa 34
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa 39
Poisson Ratio
0.30 14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.65 52
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 10
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m 36
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω 17
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol 49
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K) 26
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K 40
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K 16
Critical Temperature
594.00 K 69
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K) 10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol 79
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol 57
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol 68
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K 38
Summary >>
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