Cerium Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Hg
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1803
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
Not Available
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
58
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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