Mercury Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Ce
Group Number
12
6
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00
6
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.12
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
82
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
72.00 J/mol.K
12
|
||
|
||
|
