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Cerium vs Zinc

Cerium
Zinc
Zinc vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Zn   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1803   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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