Cerium Zinc Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Zn
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1803
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
58
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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