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Zinc vs Promethium

Zinc
Promethium
Promethium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn   
Pm   
Group Number
12   
6
Not Available   
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   
Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
30   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   
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