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Promethium vs Manganese

Promethium
Manganese
Manganese vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Mn   
Group Number
Not Available   
7   
11
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
Not Available   
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
196.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.60   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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