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Cerium vs Platinum

Cerium
Platinum
Platinum vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Pt   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
Not Available   
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.44   
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
117   
24
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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