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Platinum vs Cerium

Platinum
Cerium
Cerium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Ce  
Group Number
10  
8
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
3,257.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
2.20  
9
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.12  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.12  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
2.84 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
181.80 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
235.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
362.00 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.59  
31
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
270.00 MPa  
17
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,071.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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