Platinum Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Ce
Group Number
10
8
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1735
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
Not Available
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.08
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
82
99+
Number of Electrons
78
38
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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