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Mercury vs Cerium

Mercury
Cerium
Cerium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Ce  
Group Number
12  
6
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
6
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
3,257.00 °C  
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
210.00 MPa  
32
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
3
Not Available  
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
8
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
7
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.08  
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
9
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
30
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
15
2.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80  
36
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
22
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
181.80 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
235.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
362.00 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
24
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
6.55 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
0.00  
1
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
16
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
6
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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