Cerium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Fe
Group Number
Not Available
8
10
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
58
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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