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Cerium vs Lithium

Cerium
Lithium
Lithium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce  
Li  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440451  
99+
7439932  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Johan August Arfwedson  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
6 * 10-7 %  
18
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %  
23
~0.00017 %  
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
1.30 p.p.m.  
17
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C  
99+
180.54 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C  
23
1,347.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
0.60  
21
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
32
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
6,000.00 m/s  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce  
Li  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
8  
30
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
0.98  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.89  
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
0.97  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.97  
19
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.91  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88  
11
3.02  
8
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV  
39
2.90 eV  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58  
99+
3  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
[He] 2s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58  
99+
3  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Electrons
58  
99+
3  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm  
12
152.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm  
8
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm  
17
182.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu  
99+
6.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
13.10 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
No Previous Element  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Beryllium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm  
34
351.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3  
38
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
109.00 (Pa)  
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa  
99+
4.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa  
99+
4.90 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
27
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
0.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
19
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
59.60 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
84.80 W/m·K  
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
3,223.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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