Cerium vs Radium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Ra
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Not Available
Discovery
In 1803
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
Not Available
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
0.90
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
Not Available
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
88
30
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
58
99+
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
Not Available
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
71.00 J/mol.K
14
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