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Radium vs Promethium

Radium
Promethium
Promethium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Pm   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
84   
40
Number of Electrons
88   
30
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
Not Available   
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