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Radium Promethium Comparison

Radium
Promethium
Promethium Radium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Pm  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440122  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1942  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,042.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
3,000.00 °C  
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
-  
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.70  
27
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Pm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.30 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
61  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
61  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
84  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
61  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
199.00 pm  
12
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
236.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
145.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
44.10 (-eV)  
40
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
33.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
7.26  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,315.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
Summary >>
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