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Cerium vs Rutherfordium

Cerium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Rf   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Lustrous   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Not Available   
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