Cesium Erbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Er
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440520
35
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1860
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
Not Available
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
1,522.00 °C
28
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
2,510.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
814.00 MPa
11
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
589.00 MPa
19
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,830.00 m/s
28
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Er
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.24
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
2.76
18
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
68
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
68
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
99
33
Number of Electrons
55
99+
68
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
189.00 pm
19
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
Not Available
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
167.26 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
18.40 cm3/mol
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
49.00 (-eV)
29
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
355.88 pm
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
9.07 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
8.86 g/cm3
23
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
28.30 GPa
25
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
44.40 GPa
27
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
69.90 GPa
29
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
9.07
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
28.12 J/mol·K
11
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
14.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
261.00 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
17.20 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
73.10 J/mol.K
11
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