Cesium Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Rh
Group Number
1
17
9
9
Period Number
6
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1860
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
Not Available
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
55
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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