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Cesium vs Mercury

Cesium
Mercury
Mercury vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Hg   
Group Number
1   
17
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1860   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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