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Cesium vs Rubidium

Cesium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Rb   
Group Number
1   
17
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1860   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
Grayish White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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