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Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Niobium

Gadolinium
Niobium
Chemical Properties of Niobium and Gadolinium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
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