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Chemical Properties of Niobium and Gadolinium

Niobium
Gadolinium
Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Niobium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
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