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Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Rutherfordium

Gadolinium
Rutherfordium
Chemical Properties of Rutherfordium and Gadolinium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
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