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Chromium Lead Comparison

Chromium
Lead
Lead Chromium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Pb  
Group Number
6  
12
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Summary >>
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