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Lead Chromium Comparison

Lead
Chromium
Chromium Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Cr  
Group Number
14  
4
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
82  
34
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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