Copper Magnesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Mg
Group Number
11
7
2
16
Period Number
4
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440508
37
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Joseph Black
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
29
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Not Available
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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