1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74405087439987
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
3.3.2 Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1778
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
5.1.1 Present in Human Body
5.1.4 In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,084.62 °C2,617.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C4,612.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa1,400.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
818
16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.2 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.2 3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.2 4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol4,480.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.5 5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,257.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.7 6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol6,640.80 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.7.9 7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol12,125.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.7.11 8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol13,860.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.7.13 9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol15,835.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.7.14 10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol17,980.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.7.16 11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol20,190.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.7.18 12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol22,219.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.7.20 13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol26,930.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.7.21 14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol29,196.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.7.23 15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol52,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.7.24 16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol55,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.7.26 17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol61,400.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.7.27 18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol67,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.7.29 19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol74,000.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
9.7.31 20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol80,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
9.7.32 21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol87,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
9.7.33 22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol93,400.00 kJ/mol
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93400
184900
9.7.34 23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol98,420.00 kJ/mol
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98420
198800
9.7.36 24th Energy Level
NA104,400.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
9.7.37 25th Energy Level
NA121,900.00 kJ/mol
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121900
121900
9.7.38 26th Energy Level
NA127,700.00 kJ/mol
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127700
127700
9.7.39 27th Energy Level
NA133,800.00 kJ/mol
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133800
133800
9.7.40 28th Energy Level
NA139,800.00 kJ/mol
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139800
139800
9.7.42 29th Energy Level
NA148,100.00 kJ/mol
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148100
148100
9.7.43 30th Energy Level
NA154,500.00 kJ/mol
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154500
154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm154.00 pm
96
260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
63.55 amu95.95 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
361.49 pm314.70 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.5 Tensile Strength
12.6 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.9 Elasticity properties
12.9.1 Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa126.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.10.1 Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa230.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.10.2 Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa329.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.12 Poisson Ratio
12.15 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Weldable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.2 Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.4.1 Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6NA
-0.000166
200000
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.5 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.6 Critical Temperature
15.7 Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.8 Enthalpy
15.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.2 Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1