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Dysprosium vs Praseodymium

Dysprosium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Dysprosium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy  
Pr  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7429916  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
-  
Discovery
In 1886  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C  
32
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa  
32
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.78  
23
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Dy  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
39
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.22  
31
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22  
38
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.22  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
23
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
66  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
66  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
96  
36
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
66  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm  
18
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol  
35
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Terbium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Holmium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)  
33
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa  
39
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa  
36
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa  
35
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
25
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.55  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m  
2
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K  
17
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,680.00 K  
36
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol  
38
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K  
7
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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