Erbium Uranium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er
U
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440520
35
7440611
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmcm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Not Available
Discovery
In 1842
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
28
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
99+
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa
11
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa
19
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
28
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24
36
1.38
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.22
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76
18
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68
99+
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
68
99+
92
26
Number of Neutrons
99
33
146
13
Number of Electrons
68
99+
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm
19
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
99+
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
25
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
29
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm
39
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
99+
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3
23
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa
25
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa
27
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa
29
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.24
28
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.07
32
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
11
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
99+
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
35
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
15
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
11
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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